A Resource Guide of 19 Complementary Therapies for People with Parkinson’s

People with Parkinson's practice yoga

Conventional medicine has come a long way when it comes to helping people with Parkinson’s live well. Between the many varieties and combinations of medications and deep brain stimulation (DBS), many people with Parkinson’s have been able to find conventional treatment regimens that work well for them.

However, the options to help people with Parkinson’s live well doesn’t stop there. There are a variety of complementary therapies that many people with Parkinson’s experiment with, under the care of their medical team, in an attempt to reduce symptoms even more.

Complementary therapies are those that are used alongside traditional medical treatment. This is different than alternative therapies, which are used in place of traditional medical treatment.

People with Parkinson’s choose to try complementary therapies for a variety of reasons:

  • They aren’t getting the relief they want from their Parkinson’s medications
  • They see it as a way to take control of their health
  • They’ve heard from friends with Parkinson’s that a therapy worked for them
  • They like the social aspect that comes with participating in many of the complementary therapies
  • Their complementary therapy(ies) of choice make them feel more at ease, relaxed and at peace

In this guide, we’re going to share a variety of complementary therapies that people in our community have tried. This is not an exhaustive list. If you’re wondering why something was left off of this list, it’s either because

  1. It’s not something we’ve had experience with and/or
  2. We don’t feel comfortable mentioning something that could actually cause harm or worsen your Parkinson’s symptoms

For example, there are many people who promote the use of herbal medicines and homeopathy to help those with Parkinson’s. We have heard too many stories where adding these kinds of treatments can actually make Parkinson’s worse; so, we’ve decided to leave them off of this guide.

Having said that, there is a big hole in the research when it comes to clinical trials on many of the complementary therapies we mention in this guide. The difference is that, aside from very extreme cases, there is also no evidence that the complementary therapies we’ve chosen to include here have ever been dangerous for someone with Parkinson’s.

As with everything we talk about on this blog, it’s critical that you discuss the use of any complementary therapies with your medical and care team to help you make an informed decision before you jump in. Be open about what you’re interested in, tell the truth about what you’ve tried and stay in constant communication with your team. This might seem obvious; however, one study found that more than half of people with Parkinson’s did not consult their doctors before starting a complementary therapy. We encourage you to be part of the 50% who do.

As you read through this list, consider the complementary therapies you’ve tried to help you live well with Parkinson’s. Why did you try them? What were you looking for? To improve symptoms, reduce stress, challenge your mind, take back control, get involved, get your confidence back, etc.? Then, if you have a story you’d like to share, be sure to leave a comment on this post and tell us about it.

Now, let’s explore some of the most common complementary therapies people with Parkinson’s have tried to live better today.

Exercise

We’re calling out exercise first because out of every type of complementary therapy, exercise has consistently shown in clinical trials to reduce symptoms and improve quality of life.

What type of exercise? The best exercise is the one you’ll do; so, it’s not so much a matter of which one you pick, but that you pick something and do it regularly. When you keep your body moving, you keep your joints and muscles healthy, which can help decrease stiffness and increase mobility.

On the other hand, if you want a reason to do high-intensity exercise, there’s plenty of it. Research shows that high-intensity exercise may help slow the progression of Parkinson’s and forced exercise can improve overall motor function and cognition. Long gone are the days when doctors would prescribe rest for people with Parkinson’s. The ones who are living well make sure they move well, and intensely, too.

For further reading:

It Is Not About the Bike, It Is About the Pedaling: Forced Exercise and Parkinson’s

Acupuncture

Acupuncture involves inserting thin needles through the skin in order to stimulate certain points on the body and improve the flow and distribution of energy in the body. Several studies have shown that acupuncture, along with conventional treatment, was more effective in reducing pain and relieving symptoms than conventional medicine alone. While it is considered generally safe, talk to your doctor about possible side effects such as fatigue, lightheadedness, soreness at needle site, and at the very worst, worsening of your symptoms, before you try it. For more information, visit the American Society of Acupuncturists.

Aromatherapy

Aromatherapy is the practice of inhaling or applying aromatic essential oils to the skin that are derived from a wide variety of healing plants. They have been shown, anecdotally, to help people reduce pain and stress, improve sleep, soothe sore joints, improve digestion, decrease anxiety and depression, promote relaxation and more. To learn about the essential oils that may be of help to you, and read a variety of articles on the subject, visit the National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy.

Art Therapy

Art therapy is a type of psychotherapy that allows you to use art as a way to express your feelings and communicate issues that may be difficult to talk about. During an art therapy session you may:

  • explore feelings
  • reconcile emotional conflicts
  • foster self-awareness
  • manage behavior and addictions
  • develop social skills
  • improve reality orientation
  • reduce anxiety
  • increase self-esteem

Art therapy has been shown to help people dealing with all kinds of issues. And while there’s no literature yet on its effectiveness especially for people with Parkinson’s, many people who live with Parkinson’s say that being creative helps them focus, relax and live more in the moment.

Ayurveda

Ayurveda is based on the belief that the mind and body are connected and that each person has a mind-body type that should guide their choices about nutrition, exercise and all other areas of life. The guiding philosophy of this therapy is to take actions that put you in the flow, rather than taking the path that will cause you to struggle and strain against your natural way of being. Identify your type and learn how Ayurveda can be used in junction with conventional medical treatment here.

Chiropractic

The goal of chiropractic therapy is to bring the spine into alignment, alleviate pain, improve motor function and help the body learn to heal itself. A few of the issues chiropractic therapy can address are:

  • Low-back pain
  • Neck pain
  • Headaches
  • Upper- and lower-extremity joint conditions
  • And more

There are quite a few risks to undergoing this type of manual manipulation, and the evidence is mixed on how effective it is for various conditions. When it comes to safety, we encourage you to work closely with your doctor before experimenting with this type of therapy. There are also options such as no-touch, touchless and low-force chiropractic therapy for those who are concerned about cracking and more aggressive adjustments.

Dance Therapy

The American Dance Therapy Association (ADTA) defines dance/movement therapy as the psychotherapeutic use of movement to promote the emotional, social, cognitive and physical integration of the individual.

Dancing provides an arena to feel like an integrated body working as a whole instead of feeling like a patient. In dance class, we welcome both the struggling parts and thriving parts of the body, as well as the awareness of how things can change unexpectedly day to day. Embracing and honoring your dancer body can be liberating and fortifying—it is something gained among so many things lost when dealing with Parkinson’s.

Breathing compassion into the struggling parts, breathing gratitude into the thriving parts and the ability to see all those parts as an integrated, whole body is a practice that participants can carry with them every day. – Sarah Leversee, Dance for PD® Instructor

We’ve had so many people with Parkinson’s share with us what a big difference dancing has made when it comes to increasing their energy and improving their quality of life. You can learn about how to adopt an identity as a dancer from the Program Director for Dance for PD® here and more about how it can help you live well with Parkinson’s here.

Feldenkrais Method

The Feldenkrais Method® is based on the idea that the brain is in charge of movement so, in order to change your movement, you must change your mind. As you learn better ways to move, you can improve:

  • Balance
  • Breathing
  • Cognition
  • Coordination
  • Facial masking
  • Flexibility
  • Outlook
  • Swallowing

For a person with Parkinson’s, the natural rhythm and flow of perception, feeling and movement are disrupted. And routine behaviors such as walking, speaking, swallowing and more can become difficult, if not completely unavailable.

The Feldenkrais Method teaches people movement sequences designed to enhance their functional ability. This method can be taught privately or in group classes. To learn more and see if there are classes available in your area, visit here.

Marijuana

More and more people with Parkinson’s are experimenting with marijuana to help ease their symptoms. And while research in this area is increasing, as yet, there are no clinical trials that support the use of marijuana for Parkinson’s.

Anecdotally, however, there are doctors who are seeing it work for their patients with Parkinson’s and people with Parkinson’s have reported a variety of ways it has helped them.

Later this month, we’ll be sharing a series from one of our Parkinson’s community members. He talks about his first trip to a dispensary, the dose and delivery he experimented with and his results. We’ll also have our resident marijuana for Parkinson’s expert, Dr. Benzi Kluger, weigh in on what he thinks about using marijuana to reduce Parkinson’s symptoms.

For further reading:

The Therapeutic Potential of Cannabinoids for Movement Disorders
The Endocannabinoid System as an Emerging Target of Pharmacotherapy
Anxiety, Marijuana and Pain in Parkinson’s: 10 Expert Answers to Your Hard Questions
Complementary Therapies and Alternative Practices for Parkinson’s Disease

Massage Therapy

Many people with Parkinson’s use massage therapy in an attempt to improve well-being and alleviate symptoms of pain, rigidity, fatigue, depression and even tremor.

There’s very little risk involved with getting a massage so many doctors highly recommend you include this type of therapy in your treatment. The good news, too is that many insurance providers will cover massage therapy sessions because it is considered a common treatment for Parkinson’s.

You can learn about all of the different types of massage here and find a trained massage therapist in your area here.

Mindfulness

To be mindful is to be aware of what’s going on around you, what you’re doing and the space you’re in. It sounds simple enough, but being mindful is easier said than done. That’s because it’s very easy to let thoughts about the future, medication schedules, to-do lists, worries and anxiety become top of mind.

Mindfulness practices such as meditation, therefore, are designed to help people practice being in the moment, suspending judgment, practicing self-compassion and becoming detached from every possible outcome. If you’re able to make this a regular practice in your life, you have the power to:

  • Reduce stress
  • Enhance performance
  • Gain insight
  • Improve sleep
  • Improve concentration
  • Improve cardiovascular and immune health
  • Slow the aging process
  • Increase happiness
  • Reduce pain
  • Increase coping skills
  • Change your brain

Want a simple way to get started with meditation? Try out the Headspace app and you’ll get a 10-day beginner’s meditation course for free.

Music Therapy

Music therapy is the use of music within a therapeutic relationship to address the physical, emotional, cognitive and social needs of individuals. For some people with Parkinson’s, music therapy decreases freezing, improves gait and speech, increases postural control and improves cognition. Plus, many have reported that their music therapy classes are the most fun they have all week. Learn more at the American Music Therapy Association.

Occupational Therapy

Occupational therapists (OTs) help to keep people safe and improve their ability to do the activities of daily living (ADL). They do this by adapting the environment through modifications, modifying the task and/or educating people with Parkinson’s and their care partners.

Later this month, our resident OT expert, Nancy Hillmer, will share some great ideas for how to accomplish daily tasks more easily and ways to keep your home and environment as safe as possible.

Many people with Parkinson’s aren’t clear about how an OT can help them with daily living. If you’re wondering if an OT could help you, this is for you.

Physical Therapy

Physical therapy can help people improve strength, flexibility and mobility. And it can also decrease stiffness and pain related to Parkinson’s. Many people with Parkinson’s don’t realize how valuable a physical therapist can be to their care team in the early days; however, the people we know who have worked with them on a consistent basis have received tremendous value from doing so – both physically and emotionally. (Fred Schott shared his story with us here.)  If you’d like to begin an exercise program designed by a physical therapist who specializes in working with people with Parkinson’s, download our Exercise Essentials mini course here.

For further learning:

Invigorate Physical Therapy and Wellness with Sarah King, PT, DPT

Pilates

Pilates is a non-impact form of exercise designed to improve spinal structure and alignment and strengthen the core. There’s little clinical evidence for its efficacy for people with Parkinson’s; however, for many people, a regular Pilates practice helps to improve balance, posture, strength, flexibility and quality of life. While Pilates is often offered in a group class format, if you decide to give it a try—after getting the go-ahead from your doctor—consider working one-on-one with a certified Pilates instructor first to learn how to use the equipment and how to stay safe.

Reiki

Reiki is a Japanese technique that involves the laying of hands-on or near different parts of a person’s body. It’s based on the idea that we all have a “life force energy” that flows through us, and it’s what causes us to be alive. A low life force energy causes illness and stress, and a high life force energy causes greater health and happiness.

Karl Robb, a Parkinson’s advocate and friend of the Davis Phinney Foundation received so much benefit from experiencing Reiki that he studied to become a Reiki master. He says,

I truly believe reiki has eased my symptoms and calmed my mind. Reiki helped me to get closer to achieving my dreams and it changed my whole perspective about illness.

Learn more about Reiki here.

Speech Therapy

Parkinson’s often makes it difficult for people to speak loudly, pronounce words clearly, speak fluidly, swallow, and show facial expressions. However, it is possible to improve all of those symptoms by working with a speech therapist.

As speech therapist Kathleen Donohue says, “Many people wait until things get really bad before they seek out a speech therapist. That makes it a lot harder to break bad habits. If you see a speech therapist early on and often, not only can you delay the onset of particular symptoms, but you can build muscle memory that will help you keep some symptoms at bay as your Parkinson’s progresses.”

Kathleen shares here some practical actions you can take every day to improve your speech. You can also watch as Keely McMahan, CCC-SLP and Meg Hudson, OTD, OTR/L, demonstrate LSVT BIG® and LOUD® exercises you can try today to improve vocal loudness.

Parkinson Voice Project’s SPEAK OUT!® Therapy Program and FREE Online Parkinson’s Speech Exercises. Online Parkinson’s speech exercises are offered Monday – Friday at 10:00 am CT, but recordings are available to access on demand. Learn more and find out how to contact them to get access to free classes here.

T’ai Chi

T’ai Chi integrates elements of balance, flexibility and coordination (motor function) with focused mental attention and multitasking (cognitive function). Findings show that individuals who participate in these exercises experience improvements in Parkinson’s related motor symptoms, balance and mobility as well as a reduced number of falls. The research also indicates that engagement in these exercises helps to significantly reduce depression.

For further reading:

Study Shows Positive Impacts of T’ai Chi on Parkinson’s
Exercising Your Body and Mind: T’ai Chi for Enhancing Motor Function and Cognitive Function in Parkinson’s Disease
T’ai Chi for Enhancing Cognitive-Motor Interactions
An Overview of T’ai Chi Chih®

Yoga Therapy

Even if you have never practiced yoga before, chances are you’ve heard people talk about the benefits they receive from doing it. And while traditional yoga classes may be beneficial for people with Parkinson’s, when determining the path you might like to take, it’s important to make the distinction between a yoga teacher and yoga therapist and a yoga class and a yoga therapy session.

Yoga class: a place where students practice a certain system of exercise.

Yoga teacher: someone who guides students through their practice and teach various yoga methods in a correct and safe way.

Yoga therapy session: designed to help the student get relief from symptoms or health conditions that are troubling them. Sometimes these are group sessions; however, more often than not, they are one-on-one sessions.

Yoga therapist: an individual who has undergone specialized training in assessment, practice development and a variety of different health conditions such as cancer, depression, trauma and Parkinson’s.

Yoga therapy is one of the few complementary therapies that has research proving its efficacy. It has shown to reduce tremor, improve balance and gait, increase flexibility, improve posture, loosen painful muscles and reduce stress.

While yoga therapy is considered generally safe, it’s still a good idea to talk to your doctor about it before giving it a try. When you’re ready to move forward, make sure you work with a yoga therapist who has been specifically trained to work with people living with Parkinson’s.

Adding complementary therapies to your conventional treatments is a great way to empower yourself to live well with Parkinson’s. By taking this holistic approach to wellness, you can experiment with a variety of ways to heal your body, mind and spirit.

If you have comments or suggestions about this guide, we’d love to hear from you. Simply leave a comment or contact us at contact@dpf.org.

And be sure to stay tuned during the month of August when we’ll be diving deeper into topics such as energy healing, occupational therapy, speech therapy, marijuana and more.

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Comments (2)

Completely agree with this EXCELLENT article. This is exactly what I presented in WPC2016 in Portland, Oregon. Would be more than happy to share my poster with Davis Phinney Foundation or anyone interested. Great Job endorsing this and communicating it out to the broader audience. BTW, all these therapies apply to any other health condition …. so give these therapies a chance – worst case nothing will happen but if something happens it will be a HUGE UPSIDE cuz there are NO SIDE EFFECTS !!!!

Speech therapy doesn’t just help with speech. The therapy also deals with swallowing. As Parkinson’s progresses, patients often have problems swallowing correctly and choke on food and drink or aspirate food in the the lungs, resulting in infections.

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